Project-Imagepool
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Terms of use: The pictures on this site originate from the projects in the frame of the programmes City of Tomorrow, Building of Tomorrow and the IEA Research Cooperation. They may be used credited for non-commercial purposes under the Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC).
IEA DHC Annex TS8: 2. Working Phase Meeting (Picture 2/2)
The international cooperation in IEA DHC Annex TS8 also includes working meetings. The 2nd working meeting took place on 26/27 November 2024 at the DTU Risø Campus.
Copyright: Edmund Widl
Gruppenfoto IETS Task 21 Consortium Meeting in Graz
On April 9, 2024, a full-day meeting of IETS Task 21 took place in Graz. The meeting provided a valuable platform for exchanging insights and planning further steps for the successful implementation of the tasks within Task 21.
Copyright: Gahleitner
Graphic illustration of different terms from Zeilerbauer et al. (2024)
Figure from Zeilerbauer et al. (2024) (https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2024.2408285), which uses a use case to discuss different terms from the area of Circular Carbon.
Copyright: Zeilerbauer et al. (2024)
Vision of the Energy/Carbon Future of Upper Austria 2040
The figure shows the visualized vision developed by the Energy Institute at the JKU in coordination with the stakeholders, which represents possible energy and resource exchanges in 2040 in annual quantities.
Copyright: Energieinstitut an der Johannes Kepler Universität Linz
System-level Control of a Heating Grid with Sector Coupling
Exemplary Configuration of a simple heating grid, considering sector coupling through CHP and heat pump by forward-looking system control
Copyright: © BEST – Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies GmbH
Digital Twins can serve as virtual components in lab setups.
Mapping of a proof-of-concept test case to the DigitalEnergyTestbed setup using the Digital Twin of the DH substation test stand.
Copyright: @ AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
left: The vicious circle of high system temperatures (lock-in), right: The added value of low system temperatures
presentation of the different relations between system temperatures, supply structures, the effect on the system and the end users
Copyright: Ralf-Roman Schmidt, AIT
Development of technology specific indicators
Concept of energy-economic evaluations with the key figure "Cost Reduction Gradient" (CRG) in €/(MWh·°C)
Copyright: Roman Geyer
Maximum supply temperature as a function of heat capacity
The graphic shows the maximum supply temperature of high-temperature heat pump technologies from different manufacturers as a function of the heat capacity. More information on the individual technologies is published on the IEA HPT Annex 58 website (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task1/).
Copyright: Danish Technological Institute
General comparison between steam generation with natural gas-fired boilers and heat pump technologies
The graphic shows conventional steam generation with natural gas-fired boilers compared to steam generation with heat pump technologies. In steam generation with natural gas-fired boilers, the steam is generated at least at the highest pressure level needed in the production process and then expanded to lower pressure levels. In comparison, when generating steam with a heat pump, it is advantageous if only the amount of steam required at the corresponding pressure level is also generated at this pressure level. Expansion to a lower temperature level should be avoided when using heat pumps. More information on steam generation with heat pumps can be found in the IEA HPT Annex 58 Task 2 report (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task-2-integration-concepts/).
Copyright: AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Different integration levels of high-temperature heat pumps and their effects
The graphic shows various levels at which the integration of a high-temperature heat pump can take place, as well as the effects. A more detailed description can be found in the Task 3 report of the IEA HPT Annex 58 and in the guideline for the development of a decarbonization strategy (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task-3/).
Copyright: Danish Technological Institute
Connections in the development of a decarbonization strategy
The graphic shows different parts and influencing factors in the development of a decarbonization strategy for an industrial company. More information can be found in the Task 3 report of the IEA HPT Annex 58 (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task-3/).
Copyright: TU Graz und AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
Comparison of component manufacturing costs for fuel cells currently and in the future
The cost analysis is based on sales of 100,000 Fuel Cell systems per year. With current technologies, up to $73/kW can be achieved, with future technologies up to $60/kW in 2030. The greatest reduction potential of minus 33% is in the Fuel Cell stack.
Copyright: HyCentA Research GmbH
Comparison of battery-electric/hydrogen-based propulsion for heavy-duty commercial vehicles.
The reduced loading capacity of BEVs due to the high battery weight leads to a doubling of traffic for the same load to be transported. This results in higher energy consumption overall, despite the higher efficiency of the BEV single vehicle.
Copyright: HyCentA Research GmbH
Analysis comparing different drive options and the break-even point of TCO costs.
The general trend shows that FC propulsion is competitive with FCEV and BEV in terms of TCO costs in all vehicle categories from 2030. From 2040, similar TCO costs are expected for both FCEV and BEV in all vehicle categories.
Copyright: Forschungszentrum Jülich
Technology Readiness Level, TRL, of various mobile applications of fuel cell systems.
In the aerospace sector, industrial trucks, cars and buses, TRLs of between 7.5 and 9 can be achieved. Light commercial vehicles, two-wheelers and trains achieve a TRL between 6.5 and 7, and aviation and shipping a TRL of 5.5.
Copyright: Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH
t/h diagrams of the refrigerants R290 and R410A
The comparison of the t/h diagrams of the refrigerants R410A and R290 shown in the figure shows the higher evaporation enthalpy of R290 and the difference in the critical temperatures.
Copyright: Institut für Wärmetechnik, TU Graz
Volumetric cooling capacity of the refrigerants R290 and R410A
The figure shows the volumetric cooling capacity of R290 and R410A as a function of the dew point temperature.
Copyright: Institut für Wärmetechnik, TU Graz
Scope of Resilience Definition
This figure illustrates the chosen framework for assessing the resilience of buildings. The definition focuses on building scale, with consideration of heat waves and power outages for a period of the next 100 years.
Copyright: Shady Attia, Ronnen Levinson, Eileen Ndongo, Peter Holzer, Ongun Berk Kazanci, Shabnam Homaei, Chen Zhang, Bjarne W. Olesen, Dahai Qi, Mohamed Hamdy, Per Heiselberg; Resilient cooling of buildings to protect against heat waves and power outages: Key concepts and definition; Energy and Buildings, Volume 239; 2021; 110869, ISSN 0378-7788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110869.
Example of Façade-integrated Shading - Masdar City, United Arab Emirates
This illustration shows solar shading. The image was taken in the experimental " ecological city" of Masdar City, United Arab Emirates.
