Project-Imagepool

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Terms of use: The pictures on this site originate from the projects in the frame of the programmes City of Tomorrow, Building of Tomorrow and the IEA Research Cooperation. They may be used credited for non-commercial purposes under the Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC).

Products and services for IoT heat pumps

Over 40 different examples of projects and products for IoT heat pumps were collected in IEA HPT Annex 56. A distinction can be made between 5 categories: Optimization of heat pump operation, Predictive maintenance, Provision of flexibility, Commissioning of heat pump systems and Heat as a service. An example can be assigned to more than one category. The examples are available at https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex56/factsheets/.

Stakeholders in the life cycle of IoT enabled heat pumps

Various examples of business models for IoT heat pumps were collected in IEA HPT Annex 56. The diagram shows the stakeholders involved in the life cycle of an IoT heat pump (blue = heat pump value chain, orange = operators and users, green = energy system). All reports are available at https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex56/.

Use of runtime data in a knowledge base

The graphic shows how real-time data from the field level and building data are linked to the knowledge base.

Models for IoT heat pumps

The graphic shows different types of models that are relevant for IoT heat pumps. Physical models are based on physical relationships, data-driven models are created using only data. Hybrid models are based on both data and physical relationships.

Graph Datastructure

Graphbased datastructure of the open access IEA-TCP dataset.

R&D Map

Visualisation of all ongoing Tasks and Annexes ("Activities") and their respective research topics.

Methods

Set of methods to classify the type of activity of TCP Tasks and Annexes.

Austrian Activities Worldwide

Visualisation of Austrian cooperations in context of TCP tasks and annexes. Available in german language at https://nachhaltigwirtschaften.at/de/iea/visualisierungen/weltweite-kooperationen.php

Maximum supply temperature as a function of heat capacity

The graphic shows the maximum supply temperature of high-temperature heat pump technologies from different manufacturers as a function of the heat capacity. More information on the individual technologies is published on the IEA HPT Annex 58 website (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task1/).

General comparison between steam generation with natural gas-fired boilers and heat pump technologies

The graphic shows conventional steam generation with natural gas-fired boilers compared to steam generation with heat pump technologies. In steam generation with natural gas-fired boilers, the steam is generated at least at the highest pressure level needed in the production process and then expanded to lower pressure levels. In comparison, when generating steam with a heat pump, it is advantageous if only the amount of steam required at the corresponding pressure level is also generated at this pressure level. Expansion to a lower temperature level should be avoided when using heat pumps. More information on steam generation with heat pumps can be found in the IEA HPT Annex 58 Task 2 report (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task-2-integration-concepts/).

Different integration levels of high-temperature heat pumps and their effects

The graphic shows various levels at which the integration of a high-temperature heat pump can take place, as well as the effects. A more detailed description can be found in the Task 3 report of the IEA HPT Annex 58 and in the guideline for the development of a decarbonization strategy (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task-3/).

Connections in the development of a decarbonization strategy

The graphic shows different parts and influencing factors in the development of a decarbonization strategy for an industrial company. More information can be found in the Task 3 report of the IEA HPT Annex 58 (https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/annex58/task-3/).

t/h diagrams of the refrigerants R290 and R410A

The comparison of the t/h diagrams of the refrigerants R410A and R290 shown in the figure shows the higher evaporation enthalpy of R290 and the difference in the critical temperatures.

Volumetric cooling capacity of the refrigerants R290 and R410A

The figure shows the volumetric cooling capacity of R290 and R410A as a function of the dew point temperature.

Group photo of the IEA HPT Annex 51 team

Group photo of the IEA HPT Annex 51 team at the kickoff meeting at AIT in Vienna from 20-21 June 2017.

Time evolution of sound power level and radiation pattern

(left) Time-dependent A-weighted sound power level (in octave bands) between two de-frosting phases. (right) Directivity for the A-weighted total sound pressure level at a height of 75 cm.

Acoustic signatus and time evolution of the sound power level during de-frosting

(top left) Frequency-resolved acoustic signatures (waterfall representation) during defrosting of an air-to-water heat pump. Time-resolved sound power level in third-octave band representation. (bottom) Time-resolved sound pressure level at a selected microphone position in narrow-band representation. (top right) A-weighted sound power level and electrical power consumption of an air-to-water heat pump with multiple defrost cycles.

Acoustic App

(left) Visualization of the directivity measurement procedure: (a) the red box represents the sound-emitting HVAC component (e.g. heat pump); (b) sound pressure is recorded at a certain distance from the emitting surfaces at 5 locations - a measurement surface is created; (c) beams are created connecting the corners of the emitter to the corners of the measurement surface; (d) parts of the planes spanned by these beams intersect with a sphere; (e) final visualization of the 5 parts of the hemisphere associated with the 5 microphone measurement positions. (middle) 5 microphones are placed around a sound emitting object, one on each side and one from above. The lower part of the image shows the five signals and their corresponding frequency content in waterfall diagrams. (right) A laboratory heat pump (SilentAirHP) in a real environment with AR, with frequency dependent sound propagation.

Test objects with photovoltaics from the south, left: unconditioned, right: conditioned with the COOLSKIN system

Two identical test buildings are available on the campus of Graz University of Technology, which have an almost identical thermal behaviour. The functional model of a PV-powered façade-integrated cooling and heating system developed in the COOLSKIN project was installed in one of the buildings, the second remained unconditioned. The developed system was successfully tested in a 1.5 year monitoring period.

nZEB office building Post am Rochus

The building owner’s goal was to design, build and use a modern, comfortable building. The building development process aimed to have very high standards of sustainability and energy efficiency in achieving, commissioning and operation. Therefore, the construction project was supported by research experts from the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT). The overall objective of the research project was to shorten the commissioning phase by detailed investigation and optimisation of the control strategies of the building services engineering. Through the application of integral planning, construction/operating companies were brought together with experts. The results were clearly documented and control strategies were hardware tested in advance so that malfunctions could be detected, avoided and eliminated.