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Terms of use: The pictures on this site originate from the projects in the frame of the programmes City of Tomorrow, Building of Tomorrow and the IEA Research Cooperation. They may be used credited for non-commercial purposes under the Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC).
The network of flexible bioenergy technologies in biomass-related energy conversions
Network of flexible bioenergy technologies and biomass conversion technologies. Four sections are distinguished from left to right along the value chain. Raw materials, intermediate products, energy sources and applications. The raw materials are divided into wet and dry biomass. The intermediate products are subdivided into product gas, biogas and pyrolysis oil. The energy sources are subdivided into liquid fuels, methane and LNG, pellets, biochar, wood chips and stabilized pyrolysis oil. The applications are divided into chemical substances, transportation and mobility, flexible electricity and (stored) heat. An additional arrow indicates that the value chain does not end with the application. CO2 is again a raw material that can be stored or used. CO2 is also produced between the step from intermediate products to energy carriers. Hydrogen from volatile renewables can also be added in this intermediate step. The diagram uses colored arrows to illustrate which supply chains are already established, which are in the demonstration phase, and which are still being developed. Wet biomass via biogas for transportation and electricity is an established chain. So is dry biomass, which is used as pellets or wood chips or through gasification for electricity and heat. Pyrolysis oil, but also liquid fuels from solid biomass for chemical substances or transportation are in the demonstration phase. The use of wet biomass for liquid fuels or for conversion into solid fuels are still underdeveloped supply chains.
Copyright: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2649
Expectations on the role of bioenergy in the renewable energy system and resulting energy and climate system services from bioenergy.
Opportunities for flexible bioenergy. The focus of the graphic is on energy services, visualized by green symbols for industry, transport and building heating. PV and wind power plants are shown symbolically in the top left-hand corner. Sustainable biomass raw materials are shown in the top right-hand corner. The integrated, renewable electricity system, symbolized by a green electricity pylon below the energy service symbols, will mainly serve to distribute PV and wind power and supply electrified industrial, transport and heating sectors in the future. However, the additional arrows are also exciting, on the one hand from the PV and wind power symbols directly to the end consumers via green hydrogen, on the other hand by means of storable biofuels and bioproducts, as well as the possibility of using hydrogen to increase the calorific value of biogenic energy sources, or also to produce hydrogen from biomass. The conversion of biomass into electricity is also possible, but this should be designed as flexibly as possible and the resulting CO2 must be sequestered, stored or used. Three thick arrows on the right-hand side illustrate three opportunities for flexible bioenergy: (1) The integration of a high proportion of PV and wind power into the energy system thanks to flexible balancing of volatilities. (2) The integration of green hydrogen based on the experience of chemical energy sources. (3) Negative CO2 emissions and carbon-neutral products.